Turkish Criminal Law defines crimes, punishments, and the principles of public safety and legal certainty. As per Article 2, no act is a crime unless defined by law—emphasizing the rule of law. At ER&GUN&ER Law Firm, we provide expert legal assistance in criminal law to foreign and Turkish individuals alike.
Objectives of the Turkish Penal Code
The Turkish Penal Code (Law No. 5237) aims to uphold public safety, social justice, and legal equality. It prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, sex, political opinion, and other factors, ensuring fair application of justice to all.
The law includes provisions about the severity of punishment based on the nature of the crime, the method, the age, and the mental awareness of the person who committed the crime.
- Willful killing
- Threats and blackmail
- Deprivation of liberty
- Cybercrime and digital fraud
- Human trafficking and illegal immigration
Penalties Under Turkish Criminal Law
According to Article 45 of Law No. 5237, penalties include imprisonment and administrative fines. These are categorized as:
- Aggravated life imprisonment
- Life imprisonment
- Fixed-term imprisonment (1 month to 20 years)
Short-term prison sentences (under one year) may be converted to fines or alternative punishments like public service or restrictions on certain rights.
For crimes committed by minors, penalties vary based on age (12, 15, or 18) and awareness. The law also considers the physical and mental condition of the child offender.
Legal offenses involving health and pharmaceuticals may fall under the Turkish Pharmaceutical Law.
Types of Crimes Under Turkish Penal Code
- Joint offenses
- Completed offenses
- Attempted offenses
Additional crimes include:
- Voluntary manslaughter
- Intentional injury
- Torture and inhuman treatment
- Unlawful detention
- Forced scientific testing or medical procedures
- Sexual abuse and harassment
If you need a qualified criminal defense lawyer in Turkey, our team is ready to help with comprehensive legal guidance.
FAQ About Criminal Law in Turkey
What is the Turkish Criminal Procedure Code?
It governs how criminal proceedings are carried out in Turkey, ensuring both public safety and individual rights.
What Does Law No. 5237 Include?
Law 5237 defines crimes, related punishments, procedural rights, and security measures.
Do Minors Receive Criminal Penalties in Turkey?
Yes. Penalties depend on age (12–18), mental health, and the nature of the crime. The court adjusts sentencing accordingly.
