Turkish Citizenship by Investment

Turkish Citizenship by Investment (TCBI) is an expedited route to acquire Turkish nationality through qualifying investments, offering a strategic second passport for global investors. In this 2025 guide, we provide an authoritative overview of the program’s legal framework, investment options, application process, and common pitfalls. Updated to reflect the latest laws and compliance standards, this resource is designed for high-net-worth individuals, family offices, and professionals seeking clarity on Turkey’s investment-based citizenship program. As an experienced law firm in Istanbul, we emphasize factual, law-based insights without speculation. By the end, you will understand how to secure your Turkish passport in 2025 with confidence – and why engaging a lawyer in Turkey is crucial for success.

Benefits of Turkish Citizenship by Investment

Obtaining Turkish citizenship via investment grants not only a new passport but also a suite of personal and financial benefits. Successful applicants gain visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 120 countries, including Japan, Singapore, and other key markets. Turkey’s passport also unlocks the opportunity to apply for a long-term U.S. E-2 investor visa, leveraging a treaty that allows Turkish citizens to live in the United States for business purposes. Investors are not required to give up their original nationality – Turkey allows dual citizenship with no obligation to renounce prior passports. Unlike some countries’ programs, there is no language exam or residency requirement to maintain Turkish citizenship. This means you and your family can obtain the passport without ever having lived in Turkey before.

In addition to travel freedoms, Turkish citizenship offers access to Turkey’s robust economy, healthcare and education systems, and the ability to live, work, and do business in a G20 nation. Citizens enjoy full legal rights under Turkish law, including property ownership without restrictions and the same inheritance and business rights as any local. For investors from regions with instability, a Turkish passport provides a valuable “plan B” safe haven, while those with business interests in Eurasia benefit from Turkey’s strategic location. The program’s family inclusiveness is another draw: a main investor can include a spouse and children under 18 in the citizenship application, securing status for the whole family in one process. There are no additional investments required for dependents, making it cost-effective to obtain full family coverage. Finally, after a three-year holding period, investment assets (e.g. real estate, deposits) can be released or sold without affecting the citizenship, allowing investors to recoup capital or realize returns. In summary, Turkish citizenship by investment combines the advantages of a globally mobile passport with the economic and lifestyle benefits of Turkey, all without onerous conditions on language, residence, or relinquishing your current citizenship.

Legal Framework and Eligibility Criteria in 2025

Turkey’s citizenship-by-investment program operates under the country’s nationality law (Law No. 5901) and related regulations updated in 2018 and thereafter. Legally, it is an “exceptional” citizenship process whereby the Turkish President may approve citizenship for foreign investors who meet certain criteria, pursuant to Article 12 of Law 5901 and accompanying executive orders. In 2025, the investment thresholds and rules remain largely as set by the significant amendments of September 2018 (with subsequent fine-tuning in 2022–2023). Applicants must obtain a short-term investor residence permit (per Article 31(1)(j) of the Law on Foreigners, No. 6458) after making the investment, but this is typically a formality; one can apply for citizenship very soon after securing the qualifying asset. Importantly, the law was adjusted in 2022 to increase real estate investment minimums and tighten compliance (discussed below), reflecting Turkey’s focus on genuine investment and anti-illegal fund measures in the program.

To be eligible, an investor must be at least 18 years old and of sound mind. Turkish authorities also require a clean criminal record and generally expect good health (no communicable diseases that could pose public health risks). Applicants should not have violated Turkish immigration laws (for example, no history of illegal stay or deportation). Additionally, one must demonstrate proof of legal income or wealth to fund the investment. This means the funds used must come from legitimate, traceable sources – an issue that has come under stricter review since 2023 (see “Source of Funds” in the Pitfalls section). Certain nationalities are not eligible for the program due to political and security considerations. As of 2025, citizens of Armenia, Cuba, Nigeria, North Korea, and Cyprus cannot apply for Turkish citizenship by investment. (This list can evolve with Turkey’s foreign policy; an experienced Turkish Law Firm can advise on any exceptions or changes.) There is no explicit bar on other nationalities – for instance, applicants from the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and the Americas are welcome – but all must pass security screening by Turkish intelligence as part of the process.

Another eligibility aspect is the inclusion of family members. The principal investor’s spouse and children under 18 can be included in the citizenship application as dependents. They must similarly be of good character and health. (Children over 18 cannot be included as dependents, but they may apply separately in parallel, meeting the investment requirement on their own or pursuing other Turkish immigration routes.) Turkey does allow dual citizenship, so applicants are not required to renounce their current citizenships upon becoming Turkish. However, it’s important to confirm that your home country will likewise recognize dual citizenship; some countries (e.g. China, India, Saudi Arabia) do not permit their nationals to keep a second citizenship. A best lawyer in Turkey will review your personal circumstances to ensure there are no hidden legal conflicts (such as military service obligations or tax residence issues) that could arise with dual nationality. Overall, the legal framework of TCBI in 2025 is investor-friendly: it sets clear, objective investment criteria and minimal personal requirements, focusing on the financial contribution and compliance rather than subjective qualifications.

Qualifying Investment Options and Requirements

The cornerstone of the Turkish CBI program is meeting one of several investment thresholds set by law. Turkey offers a range of investment categories to qualify, giving investors flexibility to choose the route that best aligns with their financial strategy. Each option has a minimum amount and specific conditions, but all require holding the investment for at least 3 years (36 months). Below are the approved investment routes as of 2025, as defined by the regulations:

• Real Estate Purchase – minimum $400,000 (USD): Acquire one or more residential or commercial properties in Turkey totaling at least $400,000 in value. The properties must be officially appraised and free of liens or encumbrances at the time of purchase. An annotation is placed on the title deed (TAPU) at the Land Registry, stating that the property cannot be sold for 3 years. Update: As of a late-2023 regulation, buying undeveloped land alone no longer qualifies; the real estate investment must include a building (completed or under construction with a permit). This change aims to prevent speculative land purchases – ensure any property you buy has a construction permit or existing structure. Real estate remains the most popular route, but it requires thorough due diligence (see our Real Estate Due Diligence in Turkey for Foreigners guide) to confirm the property’s legal status and eligibility for the program.
• Cash Deposit in a Turkish Bank – minimum $500,000: Place at least $500,000 (or equivalent in other convertible currencies) in a Turkish bank account, with a notarized pledge not to withdraw below that amount for 3 years. The funds can be in Turkish Lira or foreign currency; however, recent regulations require conversion of foreign currency to Lira through the Central Bank for this program. A certificate of deposit is issued by the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA) to confirm the lock-up conditions. This bank deposit investment Turkey route appeals to those who prefer a low-risk, interest-earning investment, though you must plan around exchange rate fluctuations if converting currency.
• Capital Investment in a Business – minimum $500,000: Invest at least $500,000 in fixed capital (equity capital) of a Turkish company, or alternatively, establish a new company in Turkey with at least $500,000 capital. This requires attestation by the Ministry of Industry and Technology. Practically, many investors form a local company or inject capital into an existing one (e.g. a subsidiary or a joint venture in Turkey). The business must be maintained and not liquidated for 3 years. This option overlaps with entrepreneurial goals and can create a pathway to also obtain work permits. (For guidance on managing residency while running a company, see our work and residence permit for foreign company owners in Turkey article.)
• Government Bonds – minimum $500,000: Purchase Turkish government debt instruments (bonds or treasury bills) worth at least $500,000 and hold for 3 years. The investment must be confirmed by the Ministry of Treasury and Finance, and the bonds cannot be sold or transferred before the period ends. This route hinges on Turkey’s sovereign credit and interest yield; it is straightforward but consider currency risk and bond market liquidity.
• Investment Funds – minimum $500,000: Buy at least $500,000 worth of shares in a Turkish real estate investment trust (REIT) or venture capital investment fund and hold for 3 years. This must be verified by the Capital Markets Board of Turkey. It effectively allows a more diversified or managed investment as opposed to owning a single property or business. Ensure the fund is one of those approved for CBI purposes (not all funds qualify). Proper documentation from the fund and custodian bank will be needed to prove the share purchase and three-year commitment.
• Private Pension Fund Contribution – minimum $500,000: A newer option added by regulation, an investor can deposit at least $500,000 in a Turkish private pension system fund with the condition of holding it for a minimum of 3 years. The Insurance and Private Pension Regulation and Supervision Agency oversees this. Essentially, this is a way to invest in a long-term annuity or pension product in Turkey. It’s less commonly used but can be suitable for those looking at retirement planning alongside citizenship.
• Job Creation – minimum 50 Jobs: Hire at least 50 Turkish employees (and maintain those jobs for at least 3 years) by establishing or acquiring a business in Turkey. The Ministry of Labor and Social Security must verify the employment creation. This route does not have a direct monetary threshold but implicitly requires substantial business investment to support 50 employees. It’s typically chosen by investors who plan a significant business expansion in Turkey. Note that creating jobs also entitles the investor to certain work permit benefits. In practice, very few opt for this route due to its complexity; however, it can be the most socially impactful investment method.

Each of these investment pathways is governed by its own regulatory body and requires a certificate of conformity from that authority (e.g. a title deed conformity letter from the Land Registry for real estate, or a Capital Markets Board letter for fund shares). All investments must be made with lawfully obtained money, through legal channels – cash transactions are generally not accepted (funds should move via bank transfers to leave an audit trail). After maintaining the investment for the required 3 years, you are free to liquidate or sell without losing citizenship. For example, you can sell your property or withdraw your deposit after the lock period and keep your Turkish passport for life. (The initial citizenship, once granted, is not conditional on you keeping the investment beyond 3 years, nor on any further economic contribution.)

A critical compliance point: Turkey now requires foreign investors to convert investment funds to Turkish Lira via the Central Bank before completing the investment (especially for real estate purchases). This means if you’re investing in property or depositing money, you must convert your dollars/euros to TL in a Turkish bank and obtain an official foreign currency exchange receipt (DAB form) for the transaction. This policy, introduced in 2022, ensures your investment bolsters Turkey’s economy and allows authorities to track the source and movement of funds. An English speaking lawyer in Turkey will guide you through this process, coordinating with banks to secure the necessary documentation. Failure to follow the currency conversion rule can result in your investment not being recognized for citizenship, even if the amount is sufficient – a costly mistake to avoid.

Step-by-Step Application Process (2025)

Once a qualifying investment is in place, the citizenship application process can move forward. While the timeline can vary (often cited around 6–9 months from investment to passport in recent practice), we will focus on sequence and requirements rather than specific durations. Working with a Turkish Law Firm that is experienced in immigration ensures each step is completed correctly and in order, which is vital under the 2025 procedural guidelines. Below is an overview of the main stages:

1. Pre-Investment Planning and Due Diligence: Before committing funds, engage in thorough planning with legal counsel. A best lawyer in Turkey will help confirm that your chosen investment will meet the program criteria (e.g. verifying a property is eligible and valuated correctly, or that a business plan will satisfy Ministry requirements). This stage includes opening a Turkish bank account, obtaining a tax ID number, and reviewing due diligence reports. For real estate transactions, it means checking title deed records for any red flags. (Refer to our Real Estate Due Diligence in Turkey for Foreigners guide for a comprehensive checklist of property verifications.) Proper planning at this stage prevents costly missteps – for example, buying a property that later is deemed ineligible or encountering title fraud. (For cautionary tales, see our post on title deed fraud in Turkey to understand common scams and how to avoid them.)
2. Make the Investment and Obtain Proof of Compliance: Execute the investment transaction under the required conditions. This could mean signing a purchase contract for property and completing the title transfer (with the required title annotation), wiring $500,000 into a fixed-term bank deposit, or injecting capital into your Turkish company’s account. Ensure all transactions are documented with official receipts, bank statements, and notarized agreements as needed. After investment, you must apply to the relevant government agency for a Certificate of Eligibility/Conformity. For example:
   – For real estate, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change issues a certificate that your property purchase qualifies (after confirming the value via appraisal and the title annotation).
   – For deposits, the BRSA issues a letter confirming the deposit amount and 3-year lock.
   – For business capital or job creation, the Ministry of Industry or Labor verifies the investment and issues a confirmation letter.
   This certificate is a prerequisite for the citizenship application. Alongside it, gather other required documents: proof of source of funds, official valuation reports, central bank currency conversion proof, etc. Turkish authorities will scrutinize that the money came through legal means and the investment is fully compliant. Working with an English speaking lawyer in Turkey at this stage helps ensure nothing is missing – any gap in documentation can stall the process.
3. Apply for Investor Residence Permit: Although Turkey does not require prior long-term residency, the law mandates that applicants hold a valid residence status at the time of citizenship application. The easiest route is the short-term residence permit based on investment (Article 31/j), which you can obtain once you have the certificate of eligibility. This is usually a temporary residence visa (often called an investment visa Turkey by some) that is issued quickly (in a matter of days or a couple of weeks). The application is made to the Provincial Immigration Office. Required documents include your passport, photos, proof of address in Turkey, health insurance, and the investment certificate. A law firm in Istanbul will typically handle the paperwork and appointment scheduling. Note: If you are already legally in Turkey (e.g. on a tourist visa or visa exemption), you can usually file the residence application without leaving the country. Once the residence permit is approved, you are officially a legal resident – a stepping stone that allows the citizenship filing.
4. Citizenship Application Submission: With the residence permit in hand and all investment documents ready, you (or your lawyer on your behalf via power of attorney) submit the citizenship application to the provincial office of the Ministry of Interior (Directorate General of Migration Management or Nüfus and Citizenship Directorate). The application dossier will include:
   – Personal documents: Passports, birth certificates for all family members, marriage certificate if applicable, and if you include children, consent letters from the other parent if not applying.
   – Criminal background checks: Police clearance certificates from your home country (and any country you’ve resided in recently), duly apostilled/legalized and translated.
   – Medical report: In some cases, a basic health report or medical certificate may be required (to confirm no serious contagious illnesses).
   – Investment documents: Certificate of Eligibility, proofs of payment (e.g. bank receipts, title deed copies showing your name), and the source-of-funds documentation (e.g. bank letters confirming the origin of the funds, sale deeds if funds came from selling an asset, etc.).
   – Residence permit copy: to prove you have legal status.
   – Photos, forms and fees: Biometric photos and completed citizenship application forms, plus payment of the application fee.
   At this stage, everything must be perfectly organized and translated (Turkish translations by sworn translators of all foreign documents, and notarizations where needed). Even minor errors – a name mismatch, an outdated document, or missing page – can delay the file. Our citizenship application Turkey services include a meticulous final review to catch any issues before submission. Once accepted, the application enters security checks and administrative processing. The investor will not usually be required to be present in person after filing; a Turkish lawyers team can follow up your file’s progress with the authorities.
5. Approval, Oath and Passport Issuance: Upon completion of background checks and verification of all documents, the Ministry of Interior makes a recommendation to the Presidency. The President (or delegated officials) then signs off the decision of exceptional citizenship for the investor and family. This approval is sent back to the ministry and you are notified. At that point, you officially become a Turkish citizen. You will need to register your family in the civil registry (population register) and can then apply for Turkish ID cards and passports. This involves giving fingerprints and biometrics for the passport at the General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs. An English speaking lawyer in Turkey or a legal assistant can accompany you or even represent you to collect the documents. Finally, you receive the Turkish national ID number (a unique ID that will be used for all purposes in Turkey) and your Turkish passport. Congratulations – you are now a citizen of Turkey with all associated rights! Keep in mind that the initial passport is usually valid for 10 years (for adults) and can be renewed at Turkish consulates worldwide.

Note: While the above steps are straightforward, the order and compliance details are crucial. For example, sequence matters: you must not apply for citizenship before the investment is fully complied with (including getting that eligibility certificate), and you must maintain the investment throughout the processing period. If an investment is sold or withdrawn too early, the approval can be voided. Likewise, errors like failing to annotate the title deed for citizenship or not obtaining the foreign currency conversion document have led to rejections. As a full-service Istanbul Law Firm, we stage-manage each phase to avoid sequence errors or omissions that commonly cause delays.

Turkey’s process does not require an interview typically, nor any citizenship test. In rare cases, officials might request an investor (or their attorney) for an informational meeting, especially if something needs clarification. But generally, if the paperwork is in order, you will not need to personally appear except for giving biometrics. The key is to treat this as a legal transaction with careful compliance – much like a complex business deal – rather than a mere formality. With professional guidance, most applications are approved smoothly, as Turkey is keen to welcome legitimate investment migrants.

(For those interested in alternative pathways: Turkey also offers residence-by-investment options for those who may not meet the citizenship thresholds. For instance, purchasing any property (no minimum value) can qualify you for a renewable residence permit – see our guide on legal residence through real estate purchase – though that by itself does not grant citizenship until after years of residency. Similarly, entrepreneurs can obtain work permits through a company – see work residence permit for foreign company owners in Turkey – and later apply for naturalization. These routes are beyond the scope of this citizenship-focused guide but are worth noting as additional strategies.)

Documentation and Legal Requirements: What You Need to Prepare

The documentation for Turkish CBI is extensive and deserves special attention. Providing complete and accurate documents not only speeds up your application but also establishes your reliability in the eyes of Turkish authorities. Below we detail key documentation requirements and legal checks:

• Identity and Civil Status Documents: You will need valid passports for all applicants, birth certificates for each family member, and if married, a marriage certificate. If you or any family member has had a name change (e.g. through marriage or otherwise), official name change certificates are required. These documents must be notarized and translated into Turkish by a sworn translator. Turkey requires apostilles (for countries in the Hague Convention) or foreign ministry/legalization stamps on foreign civil documents to certify authenticity. An English speaking lawyer in Turkey will ensure translations and notarizations meet the Directorate’s standards.
• Criminal Record Clearance: Every adult applicant should provide a police clearance certificate from their country of citizenship and any country they have resided in during the recent years (usually the past 5 years). These must also be apostilled/legalized and translated. Turkish authorities examine these for any serious offenses. Minor misdemeanors in the distant past might be explainable, but a record involving serious crimes, fraud, or money laundering can lead to rejection. If you have any criminal history, even expunged, disclose it to your lawyer in Turkey upfront to strategize proper disclosure or documentation.
• Proof of Investment and Source of Funds: This is a critical package of documents demonstrating not only that you have made the qualifying investment, but that the money used is clean and lawfully obtained. It typically includes:
  • Bank receipts and SWIFT transfer records showing the flow of funds from your account to the investment (for example, the payment to the property seller’s account, or deposit into your bank account in Turkey).
  • A source of funds declaration explaining where the money came from (such as savings from employment, proceeds from a property sale, dividends, inheritance, etc.), supported by evidence. Evidence can be sale contracts, loan agreements, inheritance certificates, gift deeds, or bank statements from the originating account. Turkish authorities have intensified scrutiny on this since 2023, in line with global AML (anti-money laundering) efforts. Unexplained or suspicious funds can halt the process. Our team often prepares a source-of-funds dossier cross-referencing each chunk of money to a documented origin – this proactive approach can preempt questions. (For a deeper discussion on this topic, see our article on source of funds Turkey citizenship application risks.)
  • Official valuation reports (for real estate) by a certified appraiser, confirming the market value meets the threshold. The report must be from a CMB-licensed appraiser and is usually arranged just before or after purchase.
  • Title deed (TAPU) copies or registration documents for real estate, showing your ownership and the required annotation that it’s purchased for citizenship and not to be sold for 3 years.
  • Certificates from authorities: e.g., the conformity letters from the relevant agencies as described earlier, verifying the investment category compliance.
  • Currency conversion document: if applicable, the proof from the bank of conversion to Turkish Lira and the deposit of Lira into the seller’s or relevant account (often called the “Döviz Alım Belgesi”).
• Residence Permit & Other Immigration Docs: Include a copy of your investor residence permit card and the approval letter. Also include copies of entry stamps or visas to show you have been legally present in Turkey (if applicable). While continuous residency is not needed, demonstrating you entered Turkey lawfully for property viewing or meetings (if you did) can subtly reinforce the bona fides of your interest in Turkey.
• Health Insurance: For the temporary residence permit you obtained, you would have secured health insurance in Turkey. Sometimes, proof of this insurance (policy certificate) is also added to the file to show you have healthcare coverage, although it’s not strictly a citizenship requirement, it’s a general immigration requirement.
• Power of Attorney (POA): If you authorize lawyers to handle the application, the POA (notarized and apostilled, and translated if given abroad) should be included so that they can represent you in procedures. Many investors choose to give a POA to avoid repeated travel to Turkey for each step. Rest assured, with a reliable POA, a Turkish lawyers team can open bank accounts, purchase property, file applications, and even fetch your passports on your behalf, all within the scope of authorization.
• Miscellaneous: Recent biometric photographs (usually 4–6 required), completed application forms (your lawyer will fill these in Turkish), and fee payment receipts for the application and card fees.

Before submission, it’s wise to have your legal team do a full audit of the file against the latest checklist from the Interior Ministry. Regulations can change subtly – for example, new forms or additional documents might be requested. In 2025, Turkey introduced enhanced forms that ask detailed questions about the investor’s background and asset sources (part of the stricter compliance regime). A best lawyer in Turkey keeps abreast of these updates through continual practice and can ensure your application reflects the current standards.

Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

While the Turkish CBI program is straightforward on paper, in practice there are several pitfalls that can lead to delays or even rejections if not carefully managed. Below we highlight common mistakes and how to steer clear of them, drawing on legal expertise and case experience:

• Incomplete or Non-Transparent Source of Funds: As mentioned, Turkish authorities now pay close attention to where the investment money came from. One pitfall is transferring funds from third-party accounts or recently opened offshore companies without clear documentation. Unverifiable source of funds is a top reason for rejection. For example, if an investor’s friend or relative transfers the money to Turkey on their behalf, it raises flags unless properly explained (e.g. a loan agreement). Always use your own bank account for the main transfers and provide all supporting documents (loan agreements, gift letters, bank statements showing accumulation of funds) to prove the money is clean. Large cash deposits shortly before the investment, unexplained crypto-currency conversions, or funds moving through tax havens can trigger heavy scrutiny. To avoid this, our firm prepares a detailed affidavit and evidence packet for each client’s funding source – effectively preempting the government’s due diligence questions. If you anticipate any complexity in your fund trail, consult a lawyer in Turkey early to strategize. (For further reading, see our in-depth analysis on citizenship application rejections due to source-of-funds and how to appeal them.)
• Buying Non-Qualifying or Problematic Real Estate: Real estate is the most popular route, but it carries pitfalls like purchasing a property that, unbeknownst to you, doesn’t qualify. Examples include:
  • Off-plan properties that lack proper building permits or iskan (occupancy certificates).
  • Properties valued above $400k by the seller but whose official appraisal comes out lower (e.g. $380k).
  • Not annotating the title deed for the 3-year hold.
  • Title issues such as existing liens, encumbrances, or fraud risks.

  Solution: Conduct rigorous due diligence before buying. Work with professionals – a reputable real estate agent is not enough; have a Turkish Law Firm check the land registry records, zoning status, and legal history of the property. Also, avoid any suggestion to under-declare the price on the title deed – this will result in the official valuation being too low for citizenship and is illegal.

• Improper Sequencing and Paperwork: Doing things out of order or missing a bureaucratic step can derail your timeline. A common pitfall is failing to get the investment compliance certificate before applying for citizenship. Another is not converting foreign currency to Lira through the Central Bank when required.

  Solution: Follow a guided timeline provided by your legal counsel. At Istanbul Law Firm, we create a personalized roadmap for each client. We also remind clients of the date until which they must hold their investment. In short, rely on professional project management of the process; this is not a DIY endeavor.

• Documentation Errors and Omissions: Incomplete files are a leading cause of delays. Common mistakes include: missing translations or apostilles, names not matching exactly across documents, expired police certificates, or missing dependent documentation.

  Solution: Triple-check all paperwork with a fine-tooth comb. A best lawyer in Turkey experienced in immigration will maintain a comprehensive document matrix for each family member. We also include explanatory cover letters for any unusual situations.

• Not Using Qualified Legal Assistance: Trying to navigate this process without expert help is a major pitfall. Some investors initially try a DIY approach or hire an unlicensed “consultant” to save costs, only to find their application rejected for technical reasons that a professional would have foreseen.

  Solution: Treat this as a serious legal process. Equip yourself with qualified legal counsel. As a client, you have the right to expect confidentiality, diligence, and clear guidance from your Turkish lawyers; if you’re not getting that, find a better firm.

In summary, none of these pitfalls are insurmountable. With informed preparation, each can be avoided. Turkey’s CBI program, while stringent, is very much achievable for genuine investors – thousands have succeeded. Learn from past mistakes (others’ or your own) and follow the legal requirements to the letter. Our role as an English speaking lawyer in Turkey team is not only to process paperwork, but to anticipate risks and shield you from them. This risk management approach ensures that by the time your file reaches the decision-makers, there is little to nothing that can go wrong.

Post-Citizenship Obligations and Considerations

Becoming a Turkish citizen is a significant milestone – but it also comes with new responsibilities and long-term considerations. It is important to integrate your new status into your personal, financial, and legal planning. Here are some key post-citizenship points to bear in mind:

• Residency Registration: If you plan to reside in Turkey even part-time, you should register your local address with the civil registry (Nüfus) after obtaining citizenship. Turkish citizens are required to update the government of their domicile. Even if you don’t live in Turkey immediately, whenever you start spending significant time, register your address at the local municipality office. Also obtain the Turkish national ID card, which is needed for many services (opening bank accounts as a citizen, signing contracts, etc. – it complements the passport). An English speaking lawyer in Turkey can assist new citizens with these formalities to ensure you are fully documented.
• Maintaining Your Investment (3-Year Rule): Remember that the commitment you made (not selling property, not withdrawing deposits, etc.) for the minimum 3-year period must be honored, even after you have received citizenship. The authorities have the right to check and if they find a breach (e.g. you sold the property after 1 year via some loophole), they could initiate proceedings to revoke the citizenship on grounds that the criteria were not actually met. After the 3 years, you are free to divest. We recommend consulting your lawyer in Turkey when you’re nearing the end of that term to verify the exact date after which you can transact. For example, we help clients formally remove the title deed sale restriction once the time is up. It’s a simple process but must be done to allow you to sell.
• Dual Citizenship and Notifications: Turkey allows dual citizenship, but they do expect that you inform the Turkish registry of any other nationalities you hold. In practice, when you become Turkish, the paperwork will note your original citizenship. If in the future you obtain yet another citizenship or you renounce one, you should update Turkey’s records. Conversely, you should check if your home country requires you to report your acquisition of Turkish citizenship.
• Taxation and Financial Planning: Simply obtaining citizenship does not automatically make you a tax resident of Turkey. Tax residency in Turkey is determined by residency (presence in Turkey for more than 6 months a year, typically). So if you continue to live primarily outside Turkey, you may not be subject to Turkish taxes on your global income, only on Turkish-sourced income (like rental income from your Turkish property). A Turkish Law Firm with tax expertise (or in collaboration with a tax advisor) can help new citizens navigate issues like opening Turkish bank accounts, declaring assets if needed, and benefitting from any investment incentives.
• Inheritance and Estate Planning: As a Turkish citizen or as a foreigner owning assets in Turkey, your estate will be subject to Turkish inheritance laws. Turkey has forced heirship rules (reserved portions for spouses and children) that may override any foreign will if you own property in Turkey. If that conflicts with your home country’s laws or your personal wishes, you might need a careful plan. We recommend reviewing our guide on property inheritance laws in Turkey to identify any conflicts between Turkish succession law and your home country’s system, and then structuring your estate accordingly.
• Ongoing Compliance: Turkish citizenship, once granted, is generally permanent. However, extreme cases of fraud or misrepresentation in the application can lead to revocation (even years later). Therefore, always maintain honesty and compliance during the process and afterwards. Additionally, new Turkish citizens should be aware of any civic duties like military service: Turkey requires male citizens of a certain age to serve in the military, but exempting dual citizen investors has been the general practice. It’s worth confirming your status on this if you are a male in your 20s or 30s.
• Using Your Citizenship Strategically: Don’t forget to take advantage of the benefits that motivated you to become Turkish. For instance, if part of your goal was to access the U.S. E-2 visa, you can now proceed to invest in a U.S. business and apply for the E-2 using your Turkish passport. As a Turkish citizen you can participate in local investments, own businesses under the same rights as locals, and even benefit from bilateral agreements Turkey has. Our Turkish lawyers often introduce investor clients to trusted real estate agencies, tax consultants, or other professionals as part of setting up their life in Turkey.

In essence, think of citizenship not as the end of a journey but the beginning of a new one. With your new status, a whole range of opportunities open up – just ensure you also manage the responsibilities (tax, legal, etc.) that come with it. We remain at your service even after you receive your passport, ready to assist with any legal needs in Turkey, from property law to business law to family matters. That continuity of support can give you peace of mind as you transition from applicant to proud Turkish citizen.

Turkey’s CBI vs. Other Investment Migration Programs

For global investors, it’s often helpful to compare Turkey’s citizenship-by-investment program with other countries’ “golden visa” or CBI programs to appreciate its unique features. Here’s how Turkey stands out in 2025:

• Direct Citizenship vs. Residency: Turkey’s program grants direct citizenship, not just a residence permit. Many European programs (e.g. Portugal, Spain, Greece) offer a residence visa (sometimes dubbed investment visa programs) where you invest in real estate or funds and get a residency card, but you only qualify for citizenship after a number of years and fulfilling criteria like language or physical presence. Turkey skips straight to citizenship in about 6–12 months, with no stay requirements. This makes it comparable to Caribbean CBI programs (St. Kitts, Antigua, etc.) and a rare offering in a sizable economy. If your goal is a second passport quickly, Turkey has an edge over “golden visa” schemes that are residency-by-investment.
• Investment Amount and Type: Turkey’s minimum investment ($400k in real estate) is higher than some Caribbean programs (which often start around $200k or even a $100k donation) but much lower than European citizenship routes (e.g. Malta requires over €700k donation/investment + costs). Also, Turkey gives you an investment that you can get back after 3 years, whereas many CBI programs require non-refundable contributions. From a pure financial perspective, investing $400k in Turkish property that you own and can sell later is attractive – you might even profit if the property value rises. Of course, one should weigh Turkey’s market risks, but it’s fundamentally a recoverable investment. A program like Malta’s essentially charges a high fee/donation for citizenship; Turkey’s lets you keep an asset.
• Passport Strength: Turkish passport isn’t as globally powerful as an EU passport, but it’s respectable. Visa-free access to 110+ destinations including much of Asia, South America, and key countries like Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Mexico. However, it does not have visa-free access to the EU/Schengen, UK, Canada, USA, etc. If your priority is visa-free travel to the EU and UK, Caribbean passports might actually be better (they have Schengen access for short stays, though not UK anymore due to recent changes). But Turkey has the unique advantage of the U.S. E-2 treaty which none of the EU golden visas have, and only one Caribbean country (Grenada) offers. So for someone eyeing business in the US, Turkey and Grenada are notable options. Also, as geopolitical dynamics evolve, Turkey’s passport could gain more clout (for example, if Turkey ever revived talks on visa liberalization with the EU, it could potentially get Schengen access in the future, which would be a game-changer).
• Processing and Transparency: Turkey’s process is relatively bureaucratic but transparent in criteria. It’s government-driven and requires genuine checks. Some Caribbean programs can be faster (as quick as 3-4 months) with less paperwork for source of funds (though they do background checks via due diligence agencies). Turkey’s emphasis on legal documentation and the multi-agency sign-offs mean it’s thorough – this can be seen as positive for reputability, but it means you do need to be patient and detail-oriented. The average processing time for Turkey is around 6-8 months, which is competitive (similar to Montenegro’s old program and faster than Malta’s 12-18 months). The success rate for well-prepared files in Turkey is high; most denials come from easily avoidable errors, not discretionary refusal. This contrasts with some residency programs where final citizenship is not guaranteed (e.g. an investor who gets Portugal’s golden visa still must live there to some extent and learn Portuguese to naturalize at year 5 or later). Turkey’s guarantee is: meet the conditions, follow procedure, you will become a citizen.
• Political and Economic Factors: When comparing, one must consider the country’s stability and policies. Turkey has had economic volatility (currency fluctuations, inflation) which can affect the real value of your investment. But it also has a large, diversified economy and real estate market. Caribbean nations are small and their passports sometimes face international scrutiny (e.g. visa waivers being canceled if misuse is suspected). The EU has pressured countries to wind down CBI programs – for example, Cyprus and Montenegro ended theirs, and Malta’s is under pressure. Turkey, not being in the EU, is sovereign in this decision and has shown support for the program as it brings significant foreign investment. There is little domestic opposition to it (especially since amounts were raised to address concerns of underpriced property sales). However, always keep an eye on Turkish political developments. Thus far in 2025, the program is stable, with the government even tightening compliance rather than eliminating the program. An advantage with Turkey is also that it’s a desirable place to live for many (quality of life, climate, cultural richness), so you actually might enjoy the option to reside there – whereas not all CIP countries are places investors actually want to move to.
• Citizenship for Descendants: Turkish citizenship, once you have it, can be passed to your children by descent. Any children you have in the future will be born Turkish if either parent is Turkish. This contrasts with some limited programs that give a form of “economic citizenship” not extendable to future generations (most CIP programs do give full citizenship though). In Turkey, your lineage is now Turkish and that’s perpetual – a legacy aspect to consider. On the other hand, note that Turkey does not automatically confer citizenship to children born on Turkish soil (jus soli doesn’t apply unless the child would otherwise be stateless). So if you maintain dual citizenship and have kids abroad, you’ll have to register their birth at a Turkish consulate to get them Turkish nationality.

In conclusion, Turkey’s citizenship-by-investment is a mid-cost, asset-backed, and family-friendly option in the landscape of investment migration. It stands between the ultra-premium options (like Malta or Austria’s individualized route) and the lower-cost but smaller-country options (Caribbean). It’s particularly appealing for investors with interests in the region or those from countries where having a strong second passport could provide security and new opportunities. Each investor’s situation is unique, so it’s wise to compare these programs with your goals in mind. We often help clients weigh Turkey vs. other programs: sometimes Turkey wins out for the reasons above, other times a different program might suit better (for example, if EU mobility is the only goal, one might consider a European residency program instead). But for many, Turkey hits a sweet spot of investment size, processing speed, and tangible benefits.

Secure your second citizenship with an experienced lawyer in Turkey today. Our firm has the expertise to navigate every legal step of the Turkish Citizenship by Investment journey, ensuring your application is seamless and successful. Speak to our citizenship advisory team at Istanbul Law Firm now for personalized guidance on obtaining your Turkish passport in 2025 – and open the door to new opportunities for you and your family. Together, we’ll make your investment count for a lifetime of security and freedom.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• How much do I need to invest to get Turkish citizenship in 2025? – At least $400,000 in real estate or $500,000 in other eligible investments.
• How long does the process take? – Typically 6–9 months, depending on compliance checks and documentation accuracy.
• Can I include my family? – Yes. Your spouse and children under 18 are included at no extra investment.
• Can I sell the property or withdraw the deposit after citizenship? – Only after the mandatory 3-year holding period.
• Do I need to live in Turkey to apply? – No. There is no residency requirement before or after citizenship is granted.
• Will I owe taxes in Turkey after getting citizenship? – Only on income generated in Turkey, unless you become a full tax resident.
• Is Turkish citizenship permanent? – Yes, it is lifelong and passed to children, unless revoked for fraud.
• Can I keep my original citizenship? – Turkey allows dual citizenship, but you must check your home country’s rules.
• Can adult children or parents be included? – No. Children must be under 18. Parents can apply for residence permits later.
• Is military service required? – Male applicants over 22 are exempt. Younger sons may be subject to future service, with exemptions possible.
• What if my documents don’t match exactly? – Your lawyer will help align names, translations and notarizations to ensure compliance.
• Do I need a lawyer? – Yes. As of 2025, the application must be submitted through licensed legal intermediaries.